Thursday, November 21, 2024

Jifunze, Chukua Hatua Kuboresha Afya Yako

AfyaMagonjwa

ZIJUE SABABU ZINAZOWEZA KUSABABISHA VIPIMO VIONYESHE UNA UKIMWI WAKATI HAUNA.(FALSE POSITIVE)

Japokua uwezo wa vipimo vya ukimwi kugundua ukimwi ni mkubwa sana, lakini uwezo huo sio 100%, vipimo vya ukimwi wakati mwingine huweza kuonyesha kwamba mtu ana ukimwi wakati hana.
Kipindi ambacho kitatumika kujaribu kuthibitisha ni kweli kama mtu huyo sio mgonjwa kunaweza kumuacha katika hali mbaya sana ya kisaikolojia muhusika ambaye tayari anahisi ameambukizwa na hata kuvunja mahusiano.

Kulingana na muongozo wa shirika la afya duniani(WHO), mgonjwa hatakiwi kupewa majibu ya kua ameathirika na ukimwi mpaka apimwe na vipimo vya aina tofauti ambavyo vinahakikisha kweli ana maambukizi ya ukimwi.
shirika la doctor without borders(MSF) lilifanya utafiti na kugundua kwamba vipimo havifanani nguvu hivyo kuleta makosa katika utoaji wa majibu na msisitizo mkubwa ukiwa katika watu ambao wanapewa majibu kwamba wameathirika wakati hawajaathirika.
ushahidi wa hili ni upi?
Data za shirika hilo la msf zinasema kwamba damu ilikusanywa kutoka kwa wagonjwa 2785 wa ukimwi ambao walikua wanahudhuria katika kliniki mbalimbali za nchini kenya, uganda, congo, guinea na cameroon.
damu hiyo ilihifadhiwa vizuri na kutumwa ubeligiji kwa ajili ya vipimo vya ukimwi ili kuweza kuhakiki kama kweli wale watu ni wagonjwa wa ukimwi.
kati ya watu 2785 ambao damu zao zilichukuliwa, watu 140 walikua hawana ukimwi.
kwa maana nyingine hawa watu 140 wamekua wakimeza dawa za ukimwi kwa muda wote huo kimakosa.
Baada ya kupewa majibu mapya wengine walifurahi, wengine walisikitika kwani walikiua tayari kwenye mahusiano na waathirika wenzao na wengine walikua wameachwa na wake au wame zao sababu ya majibu hayo yenye utata.
sababu za majibu hayo kuja tofauti ni kama ifuatavyo….
magonjwa mengine; vipimo vya ukimwi kitaalamu kama antibody test havipimi virusi moja kwa moja bali hupima antibodies ambayo ni aina fulani ya protini inayotengenezwa kujaribu kupambana na virusi vya ukimwi wakati mtu ameathirika.
Bahati mbaya kwa baadhi ya watu protini hiyo huweza kuonekana kwenye magonjwa mengine kama kichocho, ugonjwa trypanasoma, lupus na aina fulani ya mafua yasababishwao na virusi.kitaalamu tunaita cross reactivity.
mpimaji kutokua na uzoefu; wakati mwingine mtu anaweza kujipima tu nyumbani na kuyapokea yale majibu kabla ya kwenda kupima kwenye vipimo zaidi kuhakikisha, vipimo vingi ambavyo watu wanatumia kujipima nyumbani haviruhusiwi kuthibitisha maambukizi ya ukimwi mpaka mgonjwa apimwe na vipimo vingine kuthibitisha hilo. lakini pia wakati mwingine mtoa huduma anaweza asiwe mzoefu sana kutoa majibu sahihi hasa kama kuna mstari unakuja unafifia.
Kawaida majibu ya ukimwi yanatakiwa yasomwe ndani ya dakika 15 mpaka tu baada ya hapo majibu hayo sio halali tena.
Sasa mtu anaweza kupima nyumbani akaonekana hana akaamua kuhifadhi kipimo, baadae jioni mstari wa pili unaonekana anaanza kuchanganyikiwa.
vipimo vilivopita muda wake wa matumizi; Vipimo hivi hupoteza ubora waka mara tu muda wake wa matumizi unapoisha, hivyo majibu yanayotoka baada ya hapo sio ya kuyaamini hata kidogo kwani hayana uhakika wa kutosha.
Mwisho; majibu ya aina hii ni changamoo sana hasa sehemu ambazo zina uhaba wa vifaa vya kupimia, lakini kwa sehemu ambazo wana mashine za kupima wingi wa virusi baada ya mgonjwa huhisiwa ameathirika, majibu yanaweza kutiliwa mashaka na kuhakikishwa tena na vipimo vikubwa kama PCR.

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